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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Etta Wriedt ： ウィキペディア英語版 Etta Wriedt Etta Wriedt (1859-1942) was an American direct voice medium.〔Benjamin B. Wolman. (1977). ''Handbook of Parapsychology''. McFarland. p. 314. ISBN 978-0442295769〕 Wriedt was born in Detroit and was well known in the field of spiritualism, she employed a trumpet in the darkness of the séance room which she claimed spirits would use to make noises and voices. She charged people money to attend her séances, one of her spirit guides was "John Sharp" who claimed he was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in the eighteenth century.〔Victoria Barnes. (1948). ''Centennial Book of Modern Spiritualism in America''. National Spiritualist Association of United States of America. p. 148〕 She visited England five times and held séances with W. T. Stead.〔Roy Stemman. (1972). ''One Hundred Years of Spiritualism''. Spiritualist Association of Great Britain. p. 4. ISBN 978-0900697142〕 ==Fraud== Wriedt was exposed as a fraud by the physicist Kristian Birkeland when he discovered the noises produced by her trumpet were caused by chemical explosions induced by potassium and water and in other cases by lycopodium powder.〔Terje Emberland, Arnfinn Pettersen. (2006). ''Religion for a New Era: Open Mind or a Hole in the Head?''. pp. 257-258〕 Joseph McCabe wrote: McCabe also wrote that the "spirit" voices heard in the séance were Wriedt herself and were performed by a hidden telescopic aluminium tube.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Etta Wriedt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.